Koi Tū — Searching for Utopia: What our education system must confront and what it could be

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❣️Acknowledgements
👋🏻Start Here
👥Authors
📃Summary
📊Charts
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$:/state/toc/TableOfContents-A new world (dis)order--522727336
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$:/state/toc/TableOfContents-A new world (dis)order-1684905998
$:/state/toc/TableOfContents-A note on the title-1684905998
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$:/state/toc/TableOfContents-The state of the current education system--522727336
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$:/state/toc/TableOfContents-What schools could be: Questions and directions for our educational futures-1684905998
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A new world (dis)order
A note on the title
About Us
Advancements in the sciences of learning
Aishworiya, R., Cai, S., Chen, H. Y., Phua, D. Y., Broekman, B. F., Daniel, L. M., ... & Law, E. C. (2019). Television viewing and child cognition in a longitudinal birth cohort in Singapore: the role of maternal factors. BMC Pediatrics, 19, 1–8.; Padmapriya, N., Aris, I. M., Tint, M. T., Loy, S. L., Cai, S., Tan, K. H., ... & Müller- Riemenschneider, F. (2019). Sex-specific longitudinal associations of screen viewing time in children at 2–3 years with adiposity at 3–5 years. International Journal of Obesity, 43(7), 1334–1343
Alansari, M., Wylie, C., Hipkins, R., Overbye, S., Tuifagalele, R., & Watson, S. (2022). Secondary teachers’ perspectives from NZCER’s 2021 National Survey of Secondary Schools. NZCER, Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa, NZCER. https://www.nzcer.org.nz/sites/default/files/downloads/Secondary%20 teachers%E2%80%99%20perspectives%20from%20NZCER%E2%80%99s%202021%20National%20 Survey%20of%20Secondary%20Schools%20%5BFull%20Report%5D.pdf
Alansari, M., Wylie, C., Hipkins, R., Overbye, S., Tuifagalele, R., & Watson, S. (2022). Secondary teachers’ perspectives from NZCER’s 2021 National Survey of Secondary Schools. NZCER, Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa. https://www.nzcer.org.nz/system/files/NZCER%20National%20Survey%20Report%202021_0.pdf
Alansari, M., Wylie, C., Hipkins, R., Overbye, S., Tuifagalele, R., & Watson, S. (2022). Secondary teachers’ perspectives from NZCER’s 2021 National Survey of Secondary Schools. NZCER, Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa. https://www.nzcer.org.nz/system/files/NZCER%20National%20Survey%20Report%202021_0.pdf(2)
Alansari, M., Wylie, C., Hipkins, R., Overbye, S., Tuifagalele, R., & Watson, S. (2022). Secondary teachers’ perspectives from NZCER’s 2021 National Survey of Secondary Schools. NZCER, Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa. https://www.nzcer.org.nz/system/files/NZCER%20National%20Survey%20Report%202021_0.pdf(3)
Anderman, L. H. (2003). Academic and Social Perceptions as Predictors of Change in Middle School Students’ Sense of School Belonging. The Journal of Experimental Education, 72(1), 5–22. https://doi. org/10.1080/00220970309600877; Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005; van Bel, D. T., Smolders, K. C. H. J., IJsselsteijn, W. A., & de Kort, Y. (2009). Social connectedness: concept and measurement. Intelligent Environments, 2, 67-74.
Areas of Concern
Berliner, D. (2013). Effects of Inequality and Poverty vs. Teachers and Schooling on America’s Youth. Teachers College Record, 115(12), 1–26.
Biesta, G. (2009). Good education in an age of measurement: on the need to reconnect with the question of purpose in education. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(1), 33–46. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11092-008-9064-9
Biesta, G. (2020). Risking Ourselves in Education: Qualification, Socialization, and Subjectification Revisited. Educational Theory, 70(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.12411
Bower, M., Smout, S., Donohoe-Bales, A., O’Dean, S., Teesson, L., Boyle, J., ... & Teesson, M. (2023). A hidden pandemic? An umbrella review of global evidence on mental health in the time of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1107560.; Freeman, M. (2022). The World Mental Health Report: transforming mental health for all. World Psychiatry, 21(3), 391–392. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21018.
Bower, M., Smout, S., Donohoe-Bales, A., O’Dean, S., Teesson, L., Boyle, J., ... & Teesson, M. (2023). A hidden pandemic? An umbrella review of global evidence on mental health in the time of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1107560.; Freeman, M. (2022). The World Mental Health Report: transforming mental health for all. World Psychiatry, 21(3), 391–392. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21018(2)
Bull, A., & Gilbert, J. (2007). Student movement and schools – what are the issues? New Zealand Council for Educational Research. http://www.nzcer.org.nz/system/files/15533.pdf; Hutchings, H. A., Evans, A., Barnes, P., Demmler, J., Heaven, M., Hyatt, M. A., James-Ellison, M., Lyons, R. A., Maddocks, A., Paranjothy, S., Rodgers, S. E., & Dunstan, F. (2013). Do Children Who Move Home and School Frequently Have Poorer Educational Outcomes in Their Early Years at School? An Anonymised Cohort Study. PloS One, 8(8), e70601–e70601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070601
Bullen, P., Williamson-Dean, R.A. & Brown, G.T.L. (2024). Supporting the Wellbeing of Those Left Behind: The Impact of Youth Development Programmes on Children in Highly Transient Schools. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 59, 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-024-00319-5; Mitchell, L., & Arndt, S. K. (2017). Transitions and transience. New Zealand Association for Research in Education Conference, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Changing family dynamics
Changing pallete colours
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Chronological Reading
Cleveland, B., Backhouse, S., Chandler, P., McShane, I., Clinton, J. M., & Newton, C. (2023). Schools as Community Hubs: Building ‘More than a School’ for Community Benefit (1st ed.). Springer Nature. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9972-7 ; Teo, I., Mitchell, P., van der Kleij, F., & Dabrowski, A. (2022). Schools as Community Hubs. Literature Review. Australian Council for Educational Research. https://doi. org/10.37517/978-1-74286-684-0
concern/tid01
concern/tid02
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Conclusion
Cribb, J. (2009). Focus on families: New Zealand families of yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 35, 4–16
David Levene Foundation
Dekker, S., Lee, N., & Howard-Jones, P. (2021). The science of learning: A multidisciplinary approach. Routledge; Hattie, J., & Yates, G. C. R. (2021). Visible learning and the science of how we learn. Routledge.
Demographic change, diversity, social cohesion and schools
Dewey, J. (1902). The Educational Situation. University of Chicago Press.
Draft of '$:/Import'
Education Counts. (n.d.). Overview of attendance. New Zealand Ministry of Education. https://www. educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/attendance#:~:text=Overview%20of%20attendance&text=Term%201%20 2024%20saw%20a,respectively%20in%20Term%201%202023
Education policy for the future
Education Review Office, Te Tari Arotake Mātauranga. (2022). Missing out : why aren’t our children going to school? https://evidence.ero.govt.nz/media/2hxp1qi5/missing-out-why-arent-our-children-going-to-school.pdf(2)
Education Review Office, Te Tari Arotake Mātauranga. (2022). Missing out: why aren’t our children going to school? https://evidence.ero.govt.nz/media/2hxp1qi5/missing-out-why-arent-our-children-going-to-school.pdf
Educational purposes
Ferguson, H., Bovaird, S., Mueller, M. (2007). The impact of poverty on educational outcomes for children. Paediatric Child Health. 12(8), 701-706. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/12.8.701
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Gluckman, P. D., Spoonley, P., Poulton, R., Royal, T. A. C., Sridhar, H., Clyne, D., & Bardsley, A. (2023). Addressing the challenges to social cohesion. Koi Tū: The Centre for Informed Futures, University of Auckland.
Growing Up in New Zealand. (2023). Key findings. https://www.growingup.co.nz/key-findings-0
Gus Fisher Charitable Trust
Haidt, J. (2024). The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness. Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books
Harvey, H., Dunifon, R., & Pilkauskas, N. (2021). Under Whose Roof? Understanding the Living Arrangements of Children in Doubled-Up Households. Demography, 58(3), 821–846. https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370- 9101102
Hattie, J.A.C. (2003, October). Teachers make a difference: What is the research evidence? Paper presented at the 2003 Building Teacher Quality: What does the research tell us ACER Research Conference, Melbourne, Australia. http://research.acer.edu.au/research_conference_2003/4/
Hess, F. M. (2010). Education Unbound: The Promise and Practice of Greenfield Schooling (1st ed.). Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.
Hi there!!
High levels of absenteeism
Hirsch, E. D. (2006). The Knowledge Deficit: Closing the Shocking Education Gap for American Children. Houghton Mifflin.
Hirsch, E. D. (2024, August 13). Shared Knowledge and the Ratchet Effect. https://www.educationnext.org/ shared-knowledge-and-the-ratchet-effect/
Home
Hood, N. & Hughson, T. (2022). Now I don’t know my ABC: the perilous state of literacy in Aotearoa New Zealand. The Education Hub. https://cdn.theeducationhub.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ed-Hub_ Long-literacy-report_v2.pdf
Ibid.
Ibid(2)
Ibid(3)
Ibid(4)
Ibid(5)
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Increasing poor behaviour
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Introduction
Justify
Kannan, V. D., & Veazie, P. J. (2023). US trends in social isolation, social engagement, and companionship – nationally and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and work hours, 2003–2020. SSM – Population Health, 21, 101331–101331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101331
Kelliher Charitable Trust
Koi-Tu-Searching-for-Utopia-Education-Report.pdf
Kukutai, T. (2020). Family structure and change in early childhood and the wellbeing of tamariki Māori. New Zealand Population Review, 46, 70–99.
Manatū Taonga – Ministry for Culture and Heritage. (2021, October 5). New Zealand History; 1989 – key events. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/the-1980s/1989
Map
May, S. & Medina, E. (2023). PISA 2022 Aotearoa New Zealand: Summary Report. https://www. educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/224601/PISA-2022-summary-report.pdf
May, S., Flockton, J., & Kirkham, S. (2016). PISA2015 New Zealand summary report. Wellington: Ministry of Education.
McAnally, H. M., Sligo, J. L., Baxter, J., Tansley, J. E., Bolton, A. E., & Hancox, R. J. (2022). Changes to family structure, household composition and address among young New Zealanders: an update. Kōtuitui, 17(2), 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2021.1957946
McNaughton, S., Jesson, R., Kolose, T., & Kercher, S. (2012). School achievement: Why summer matters. Teaching & Learning Research Initiative Nāu i Whatu Te Kākahu, He Tāniko Taku; Meyer, F. (2014). The summer learning effect in Germany: home and school contributions to summer learning patterns in the communities of two primary schools. PhD thesis, University of Auckland. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/ handle/2292/21767
Mehta, J., Schwartz, R. B., & Hess, F. M. (Eds.). (2012). The Future of School Reform. Harvard Education Press.
Ministry of Education. (2020). TIMSS 2018/19: Mathematics Year 5. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__ data/assets/pdf_file/0003/205707/TIMSS-2018-Year-5-Mathsc.pdf
Ministry of Health. (2023). Annual Update of Key Results 2022/23: New Zealand Health Survey. https:// minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2022-23-annual-data-explorer/
MSA Trust
Mutch, C. (2012). New Zealand. In C. L. Glenn & J. De Groof (Eds.), Balancing freedom, autonomy and accountability in education: Volume 3 (267–286). Tilburg, NL: Wolf Legal Publishers; Ministry of Health. (2019). Every life matters – He Tapu te Oranga o ia Tangata: Suicide prevention strategy 2019–2029 and Suicide prevention action plan 2019–2024 for Aotearoa New Zealand. Wellington: Ministry of Health; Statistics New Zealand. (2020). Child poverty statistics year ended June 2019.
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Norman Barry Foundation
Not all students are learning
NZ Education at a Crossroads
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2023). PISA 2022 results (Volume I): What students know and can do. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/5b5b80a7-en
PISA Mathematics Scores (2003 vs 2022)
PISA Reading Scores (2000 vs 2022)
Pratt, T., Tucci, T., Varrato, A., White, C. (2013). Leveraging Teacher Effectiveness Data to Improve Student Achievement. SDP Fellowship Capstone Report.
Pressure on the System
pressure/tid01
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pressure/tid03
pressure/tid04
Putman, R. D. (2004). Bowling Together. OECD Observer, Volume 2004, Issue 1, OECD Publishing. https://doi. org/10.1787/observer-v2004-1-en
Putnam, R. D. (2015). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Routledge.
Questions of ‘the what’
Questions of how and where
Questions of time
Questions of who
References
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Robbins, R., Beebe, D.W., Byars, K.C., Grandner, M., Hale, L., Tapia, I.E., Wolfson, A.R., Owens, J.A. (2022). Adolescent sleep myths: Identifying false beliefs that impact adolescent sleep and well-being. Sleep Health. 8(6), 632-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2022.08.001
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Stats NZ. (2020, April 21). 2018 Census data allows users to dive deep into New Zealand’s diversity. https:// www.stats.govt.nz/news/2018-census-data-allows-users-to-dive-deep-into-new-zealands-diversity/
Stats NZ. (2024, February 22). Child poverty statistics: Year ended June 2023. https://www.stats.govt.nz/ information-releases/child-poverty-statistics-year-ended-june-2023/
Student Attendance Rates (2019 vs 2022 vs 2023)
Student Mental Health Distress (2012 vs 2019)
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Summary
Supporter Map
Sutcliffe, K., Ball, J., Clark, T. C., Archer, D., Peiris-John, R., Crengle, S., & Fleming, T. (2023). Rapid and unequal decline in adolescent mental health and well-being 2012–2019: Findings from New Zealand cross-sectional surveys. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 57(2), 264–282. https://doi. org/10.1177/00048674221138503
Sutcliffe, R. (2021). PISA 2018: Digital devices and student outcomes in New Zealand schools. Ministry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/schooling/pisa-2018-digital-devices-and- student-outcomes
System re-evaluation
TableOfContents
Te Ihuwaka: Education Evaluation Centre. (2024). Let’s keep talking: Oral language development in the early years – Summary. https://evidence.ero.govt.nz/media/awjlwu2e/lets-get-talking-oral-language-development- in-the-early-years-summary.pdf
Te Ihuwaka: Education Evaluation Centre. (2024). Time to Focus: Behaviour in our Classrooms. Education Review Office. https://www.evidence.ero.govt.nz/media/yzeldgzk/time-to-focus-behaviour-in-our-classrooms-summary.pdf
Te Ihuwaka: Education Evaluation Centre. (2024). Time to Focus: Behaviour in our Classrooms. Education Review Office. https://www.evidence.ero.govt.nz/media/yzeldgzk/time-to-focus-behaviour-in-our-classrooms-summary.pdf(2)
Te Ihuwaka: Education Evaluation Centre. (2024). Time to Focus: Behaviour in our Classrooms. Education Review Office. https://www.evidence.ero.govt.nz/media/yzeldgzk/time-to-focus-behaviour-in-our-classrooms-summary.pdf(3)
Te Ihuwaka: Education Evaluation Centre. (2024). Time to Focus: Behaviour in our Classrooms. https://www. evidence.ero.govt.nz/media/yzeldgzk/time-to-focus-behaviour-in-our-classrooms-summary.pdf
Te Kete Ipurangi. (2023) New Zealand Curriculum Refresh. https://newzealandcurriculum.tahurangi. education.govt.nz/new-zealand-curriculum-online/new-zealand-curriculum/new-zealand-curriculum- refresh/5637144667.c
Te Tari Arotake Mātauranga, Education Review Office. (2023). Long COVID: Ongoing impacts of COVID-19 on schools and learning. https://evidence.ero.govt.nz/documents/long-covid-ongoing-impacts-of-covid-19-on-schools-and-learning
Teacher Morale Levels (2021 Survey)
Teachers are opting out
Technological advances and economic change
The Disconnect & Its Impact
The kids are not okay: Declining mental health and wellbeing
The state of the current education system
The Tindall Foundation
The Wright Family Foundation
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Tukuitonga, C., & Ekeroma, A. (2021). COVID-19 outbreak reflects inequities in health and socioeconomic disadvantage in Aotearoa/New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. Pacific Health Dialog, 21(8), 475-476.
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What schools could be: Questions and directions for our educational futures
Whitehouse, H. (2024). Rethinking ritual: how rituals made our world and how they could save it. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 30(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.14048
Who We Are
Wylie, C., MacDonald, J. (2020). What’s happening in our English-medium primary schools: Findings from the NZCER national survey 2019. https://www.nzcer.org.nz/sites/default/files/downloads/Findings%20from%20 the%202019%20NZCER%20National%20Survey%20of%20Primary%20Schools%20%28Full%20 report%29.pdf
Wylie, C., MacDonald, J. (2020). What’s happening in our English-medium primary schools: Findings from the NZCER national survey 2019. NZCER. https://www.nzcer.org.nz/research/publications/national-survey-2019